Rapid and simple magnetic solid-phase extraction of bisphenol A from bottled water, baby bottle, and urine samples using green magnetic hydroxyapatite/β-cyclodextrin polymer nanocomposite

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic organic compound widely used as a starting material in plastics synthesis. The high toxicity of BPA has promoted the development of effective analytical methods for its separation and detection in complex samples. Herein, a novel magnetic nanocomposite consisting of hydroxyapatite and β-cyclodextrin polymer (MHAP/β-CDP) was designed and synthesized by a novel and convenient method for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of BPA. The adsorption mechanisms of the MHAP/β-CDP toward BPA were mainly based on the hydrophilic interactions and formation of host–guest inclusion complex. The prepared magnetic nanocomposite was characterized by the vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To obtain the best extraction conditions, the extraction parameters were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, MSPE combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was applied for the determination of BPA in bottled water, baby bottle, and urine samples. The proposed method provided low limits of detection (0.06 ng mL−1) and quantification (0.18 ng mL−1), good linearity (R2 = 0.996) in the range of 0.50–1000.0 ng mL−1, good repeatability (3.2–4.1%, n = 4) and reproducibility (4.9–5.4%, n = 3 days). Furthermore, satisfactory relative recoveries in the range of 97.0–102.0% were obtained for quantification of BPA in bottled water, baby bottle, and urine samples.