Abstract
Quantification of mycotoxins in foodstuffs is extremely difficult as a limited amount of toxins are known to be presented in the food samples. Mycotoxins are secondary toxic metabolites, made primarily by fungal species, contaminating feeds and foods. Due to the presence in globally used grains, it is an unpreventable problem that causes various acute and chronic impacts on human and animal health. Over the previous few years, however, progress has been made in mycotoxin analysis studies. Easier techniques of sample cleanup and advanced chromatographic approaches have been developed, primarily high‐performance liquid chromatography. Few extremely sophisticated and adaptable tools such as high‐resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem MS/MS have become more important. In addition, Immunoassay, Advanced quantitative techniques are now globally accepted for mycotoxin analysis. Thus, this review summarizes these traditional and highly advance methods and their characteristics for evaluating mycotoxins.
Highlights
Population in developing countries especially rural areas are dependent on locally produced foods and generally face problems related to food security and mycotoxin contamination which is reflected to be a major food quality issue
This review summarizes the recent trends of developments in the methods of sample extraction, cleanup processes, detection technologies, quantitative methods, and on the current research of fast and noninvasive detection methods
thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was the most commonly used chromatographic technique applied to mycotoxins in the early 1980s; it has certain drawbacks, such as low sensitivity and poor accuracy
Summary
Population in developing countries especially rural areas are dependent on locally produced foods and generally face problems related to food security and mycotoxin contamination which is reflected to be a major food quality issue. Martin, Aranda, Benito, Perez-Nevado, and Cordoba (2005) have reported detection of five other mycotoxins such as citrinin, ZEA, mycophenolic acid, aflatoxin B1, and griseofulvin apart from PAT by MEKC It requires a small volume of samples and is ecologically safe compared to other analytical methods. Due to the common occurrence of regulated mycotoxins (AFs, ZEA, DON, FBs, OTA), their toxic nature has posed a risk to human and animal health, demanding a solution for the protection of fauna. For accurate and rapid determination of these mycotoxins in unprocessed cereals and cereal-based products, sensitive, analytical methods are highly relevant to the toxicological implications to animals and humans and highly desirable in order to measure risk of exposure, further to confirm regulatory levels fixed by the United States, European Union, or different international organizations. Immunodepressant, pulmonary and cerebral edema, nausea, gastritis, paralysis, convulsions, capillary damage, carcinogenic, indirect enzyme inhibition
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