Abstract
Quinas contains several compounds, such as quinoline alkaloids, principally quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cichonidine. Identified from barks of Cinchona, quinine is still commonly used to treat human malaria. Microwave-Integrated Extraction and Leaching (MIEL) is proposed for the extraction of quinoline alkaloids from bark of Cinchona succirubra. The process is performed in four steps, which ensures complete, rapid and accurate extraction of the samples. Optimal conditions for extraction were obtained using a response surface methodology reached from a central composite design. The MIEL extraction has been compared with a conventional technique soxhlet extraction. The extracts of quinoline alkaloids from C. succirubra obtained by these two different methods were compared by HPLC. The extracts obtained by MIEL in 32 min were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine) similar to those obtained by conventional Soxhlet extraction in 3 hours. MIEL is a green technology that serves as a good alternative for the extraction of Cinchona alkaloids.
Highlights
Used in the Andes (South America) for treating fevers, barks of some plant species popularly named “Quinas” have been known for centuries to possess therapeutic properties
Reference standards and sample extracts prepared by Microwave-Integrated Extraction and Leaching (MIEL) or Soxhlet extraction were dissolved in the mobile phase at the concentration of 2 mg/mL
Three variables that affect extraction of quinoline alkaloids from bark of C. succirubra were studied: namely, “extraction time”, “leaching time” and “microwave irradiation power”
Summary
Used in the Andes (South America) for treating fevers, barks of some plant species popularly named “Quinas” have been known for centuries to possess therapeutic properties. Were composed by different plant species belonging to Cinchona or Remijia genius (Rubiaceae). They were introduced in Europe in the 17th century by Spanish missionaries and became widely used for their antimalarial activity [1]. Several compounds such as phenolic compounds, organic acids and saponosides have been identified from barks of the most studied “Quinas”. They are known to contain quinoline alkaloids, principally quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine. Despite the findings of synthetic quinine, Cinchona bark remains the principal producer of quinine
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