Rapid and broad detection of H5 hemagglutinin by an immunochromatographic kit using novel monoclonal antibody against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus belonging to the genetic clade 2.3.4.4.

Lam Thanh Nguyen,Kazunari Nakaishi,Yoshihiro Sakoda,Takashi Kimura,Junki Maruyama,Keita Matsuno,Keiko Motojima,Ayato Takada,Ayako Ohkawara,Takahiro Hiono,Erina Minato,Hiroshi Kida,Masatoshi Okamatsu,Kwok Hung Chan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182228

Lam Thanh Nguyen, Kazunari Nakaishi + Show 12 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182228

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Journal: PloS one	Publication Date: Aug 7, 2017
Citations: 9	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Hokkaido University

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of H5 subtype have persistently caused outbreaks in domestic poultry and wild birds worldwide and sporadically infected humans. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is one of the key strategies for the control of H5 HPAIVs. However, the sensitivity of the diagnosis of H5 HPAIVs has gradually reduced due to extensive antigenic variation during their evolution. Particularly, the previously developed immunochromatographic diagnosis kit for H5 viruses, Linjudge Flu A/H5, exhibits reduced detection of H5 HPAIVs isolated in recent years. In the present study, we established a new advanced H5 rapid immunochromatographic detection kit (New Linjudge Flu A/H5) by a combination of two anti-H5 hemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies, A64/1 previously applied in the Linjudge Flu A/H5 and A32/2, a novel monoclonal antibody generated from a clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIV. The new kit broadly detected all classical and recent H5 influenza viruses and showed a higher specificity and sensitivity than the original Linjudge Flu A/H5 with recently circulating H5 HPAIVs. Furthermore, the applicability of the New Linjudge Flu A/H5 was demonstrated by detecting antigens from the swabs and tissue homogenates of naturally infected birds and experimentally infected chickens with H5N6 HPAIVs belonging to the genetic clade 2.3.4.4. Our study, therefore, can provide an effective point-of-care rapid antigen detection kit for the surveillance of H5 avian influenza viruses and as a prompt countermeasure against the current widespread of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs in domestic and wild birds.

Highlights

Influenza A virus (IAV) has been classified into different subtypes according to their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), in which 16 HA (H1–H16) and 9 NA (N1–N9) subtypes were recognized [1]
Multiple studies have documented that antigenicity of the H5 Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is highly divergent; several strains of H5 HPAIVs belonging to distinct clades and sub-clades impede serological diagnosis by antisera against their earlier strains [26]
The changing antigenicity of the H5 HPAIVs has reduced the sensitivity of the IC technique against specific H5 subtypes viruses

Summary

Introduction

Influenza A virus (IAV) has been classified into different subtypes according to their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), in which 16 HA (H1–H16) and 9 NA (N1–N9) subtypes were recognized [1]. Among IAV, an H5 subtype virus has become a major global concern for the poultry industry since its first emergence in Guangdong, China in 1996, causing highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) with at least 75% fatality in infected birds [2,3]. After its reemergence in 2003, the virus has caused thousands of outbreaks in poultry and spread rapidly across the world via migratory wild birds [4]. For controls of H5 HPAI in birds and H5 virus infection in humans, a simple, rapid, and accurate diagnostic tool is essential [7,8]

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