Rapid analysis and risk assessment of perchlorate in wild edible mushrooms from Yunnan, China

Abstract

Ubiquitous perchlorate contamination has become an important food safety issue related to human health, but contamination characteristics and health risks of perchlorate in wild edible mushrooms remain unclear. In this study, a method based on dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up procedure combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established for the rapid analysis of perchlorate in wild edible mushrooms. Sample pretreatment was achieved by acetonitrile extraction followed by clean-up with florisil and graphitized carbon black (GCB). The proposed method presented satisfactory linearity, accuracy, precision, negligible matrix effects, and low limit of detection (LOD) (0.15 µg/kg) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.5 µg/kg). The recoveries at four levels (0.5, 3, 30 and 300 µg/kg) were 93.1–108.7% with relative standard deviation ranging from 2.9% to 18.2% for mushroom samples. The validated methodology was successfully applied to detect 109 wild edible mushroom samples belonging to 8 species collected from Yunnan, China, and 95.41% of the samples were found to have detectable perchlorate contamination. Concentrations of perchlorate ranged from below LOD to 29.81 μg/kg, with a mean value of 4.11 μg/kg. The risk assessment results for perchlorate in wild edible mushrooms showed no health risks to consumers.