Raphanus sativus mediated Gd doped copper oxide for the sensitive detection of K3FeCN6 and degradation of azo dye

Abstract

Green synthesized Gadolinium doped Copper Oxide (Gd-CuO) using Raphanus sativus is used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and has shown to be an electrochemical interface that is sensitive to detect K3FeCN6. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) have been used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticle. In the electrochemical oxidation of K3FeCN6, the Gd-CuO electrode displayed greater oxidative current and lower overpotentials than the bare glassy carbon electrode. The recommended sensor showed linear response over the concentration range 200–1000 μL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 25.27 μM, limit of quantification (LOQ) is 84.23 nM and sensitivity of 0.00152 μA μM−1 cm−2. The synthesised Gd-CuO can also degrade an azo dye-Evan’s Blue (EB) up to 98.3 per cent when exposed to visible light. The effects of different variables on photocatalysis, such as pH, dye concentration, and catalyst concentration, were investigated. Gd-CuO may degrade 10 mg/L of EB up to 99 per cent at an ideal pH of 7.0 and 20 mg of catalyst concentration. The results demonstrate that Gd-CuO is stable and can still degrade EB to 78 % even after 5 cycles. These stability test results demonstrate that Gd-CuO is well efficient for EB degradation under light and in K3FeCN6 electrochemical sensing.