Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of Raphanus sativus Linn. using Randall Selitto method.
 Methods: Streptozotocin, lard, casein, cholesterol, DL-methionine, yeast powder, quercetin, thiobarbituric acid, 2-nitrobenzoic acid (5, 5, Dithiobis), hematoxylin, and hydrogen peroxide were used. A diet rich in fat content was fed to the animals for a period of 2 weeks. After a stabilization period of 2weeks, the treatment period started and continued for a period of 8weeks. The nociceptive parameters were assessed once a week by Randall Selitto method and hot plate test. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and antioxidant parameters were assessed using sciatic nerve homogenate and histopathological analysis of sciatic nerve.
 Results: Treatment R. sativus extract (RSE 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) appreciably declined the levels of blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner, and it was comparable with standard quercetin. A significant increase in pain threshold levels was observed by the treatment RSE in hot plate method after the 4th week compared to diabetic control, and it was consistent until the end of treatment (p<0.01, p<0.001). In Randall Selitto method RSE produced a significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold after the 4th week compared to diabetic control, and it was consistently increased until the end of treatment. RSE (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent fashion in comparison with the diabetic control group. RSE (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) attenuated the nerve degeneration and axonal swelling along with quercetin.
 Conclusion: The findings from the current study showed the antinociceptive and antioxidant effect of R. sativus in neuropathic pain in diabetes.
Highlights
Plant contemplates as one of the most important sources for developing a synthetic molecule in new drug development and discovery
RS extract (RSE) (100 mg/kg) reflected 11.67% reduction in levels of blood glucose after 4 h whereas RSE (200 mg/kg) showed 14.52% reduction and a thereafter slight increase in blood levels was observed in comparison to standard drug
This study is attempted to investigate the antinociceptive activity of Raphanus sativus (RS) Linn. using a diet containing high fat and using a lower dosage of STZ for inducing diabetic neuropathy in Wistar rats
Summary
Plant contemplates as one of the most important sources for developing a synthetic molecule in new drug development and discovery. It belongs to the family Brassicaceae commonly known as a radish. It is being widely cultivated all over the country, mainly in China and Mediterranean countries for almost 1000 years. Proven to have antioxidants, phytotoxins, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and free radical scavenging properties and its being used as companion plant because it repels the pest and insect due to its pungent odor [5]. Using a high-fat diet (HFD) and Streptozotocin (STZ) (low dose)induced diabetic neuropathy in rats [6]. Nerve damage gets developed all around the body of a patient suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) over a long period of time. The often chosen pathway for chemical induction of type 2 diabetes in rats is through STZ.
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