Abstract
Brassica napus L. is a vegetable oil crop, commonly known as rapeseed (or canola). It is widely used as a source of oil and protein for food and industrial applications, but also as a remedy, and in a field of attraction or as an ornament due to its diverse flower colors. Every part of rapeseed is useful, even the waste, which could be used to feed animals, or recycled. In this review, the use of rapeseed in these applications is presented, starting with the preparation of oil and protein from the seeds, before their release in the market, to the utilization of natural unprocessed rapeseed. Progress in rapeseed exploitation for food, remedy, energy source, and industrial applications are analyzed to show variability in diverse findings, to provide insights and progressive descriptions of rapeseed usage to other scholars. Moreover, advancements in breeding for rapeseed improvement were described. In the future, strategies could be developed or improved to avoid or decrease crop losses, but also to increase interest in propagating the valuable traits of rapeseed.
Highlights
This review focuses on advancements in processing that have emerged in the last mechanization, yield instability due to climate variability, and weak cultivars
Some alternatives to the usage of hexane in oil extraction have been proposed, due to concerns regarding the impact of rapeseed oil production and processing on human health and the environment, since beneficial antioxidants, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds might be partially lost in the extraction with hexane [40]
Erucic acid was subjected to a high-temperature splitting and distillation [132], to produce erucamide, and erucic acid and its derivatives were cationic surfactants, which could be used in detergent, for laundry softness, and other household products, but they could be used as emollient, food emulsifier, and in producing photographic material [133]
Summary
Every part of rapeseed—flower, seeds, leaves, stem, and root—is used for food, remis or mainly known as a sourceSeeds of edible industrial oil, aspart, wellas asthey protein. Rapeseed seed oil and protein contents vary in different yield and quality, notably the usage of solvents, temperature, pressure, and the time of lines of cultivars, and other components such as glucosinolates, phenols, phytic acid, celprocessing. Some of these methods have not been tested at an industrial level. Residual oil is extracted using the solvent, which filters the cake and Rapeseed production, as in other crops, often encounters major difficulties, because removes the oil. Seed compression and usage of hexane to extract the oil Enzymatic reaction, usage of gaz, heat or ultrasound
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