RAPD Technique to Determine the Genetic Divergence of Barley Genotypes

Abstract

The experiment was carried out in 2022 in the biotechnology laboratories of the Agricultural Research Department - Ministry of Science and Technology with the aim of studying the molecular variations between 5 barley cultivars (Samir, Aksad, Amal, Buraq and IPA 265) in order to estimate the genetic divergence and determine the degree of genetic kinship between them. In order to be used for the production of hybrids, the RAPD technology was used, based on PCR technology and 12 primers. A 20 with a molecular weight that ranged between 150 - 2000 bp The total number and %age of differentiated cuts were 92 and 80% respectively The starter H 9 gave the highest %age of differentiated cuts amounting to 90.9% while the primer A 20 showed the lowest %age of differentiated cuts amounting to 57.1% The highest primers efficiency was 11.3% in the A15 primer and the highest differentiating ability was 11.9% in the H9 and A15 primers, and based on the data of the molecular index and genetic similarity using the UPGMA method in the linkage scheme, the two were separated. Varieties in two main groups, one group containing S5 (class Aba 265), and the second group containing the rest of the varieties according to the nearest neighbor method. The lowest genetic similarity and the degree of genetic kinship (the highest genetic divergence) between the cultivars was 0.61 between the two cultivars S1 x S5 (IPA 265 x Samir) as well as 0.62 between the two cultivars S2 x S5 (Aksad x IPA 265) and the highest genetic similarity (ie, the lowest genetic dimension)) It was between the two categories S3 x S4 (Amal x Buraq) and it amounted to 0.86. The results indicated that RAPD parameters are highly efficient in diagnosing purity and genetic divergence between barley genotypes.