Abstract
The present study deals with authenticating existing knowledge about 21 Bougainvillea cultivars comprising of 9 hybrids and their parents through RAPD analysis. The 19 degenerate primer sets generated 234 bands from which 158 (67.5%) were polymorphic. The UPGMA based dendrogram divided 21 cultivars into two major groups with Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranging from 0.51 to 0.942. Group A had three cultivars namely Trinidad, Formosa and Dr. H. B. Singh in which Dr. H.B. Singh was confirmed as a hybrid of other two cultivars. Group B was sub divided into 8 clusters. The parentages of 7 out of 8 hybirds have been confirmed based on clusters. The study concluded that the RAPD technique is suitable for confirmation of parent-hybrid relationship.
Highlights
The domestication history of Bougainvillea (Nyctaginaceae family) is 250 years old (Pal and Swarup 1974)
The experimental material comprised fresh young leaves of 21 Bougainvillea cultivars belonging to five species with one cultivar of the B. spectabilis species, five of B. glabra, four of B. peruviana, eight of B. x buttiana and three of B. specto-glabra collected from the Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, Sunder nursery, CPWD and HUDA nursery of Gurgaon, New Delhi (Table 1)
A high level of polymorphism (84.4%) was observed in Bougainvillea by the person who studied the genetic diversity to trace out the origin of some unknown group of Bougainvillea cultivars
Summary
The domestication history of Bougainvillea (Nyctaginaceae family) is 250 years old (Pal and Swarup 1974). In India, B. spectabilis was first introduced in Calcutta in 1860 from Europe and its improvement work started in the early 20th century, with the introduction of a few varieties by the Agricultural and Horticultural society of Calcutta and Madras. It achieved its popularity in 1920’s with the introduction of ‘Mrs Butt’ cultivar in Calcutta from the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, England. Bougainvilleas are popular ornamental plants in most areas with warm climates, including India, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia, the Mediterranean region, the Caribbean, Mexico, South Africa, and the United States in Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, and southern Texas. Breeding of Bougainvillea cultivars has been accomplished by traditional techniques (Khoshoo 1971, Choudhary and Singh 1981)
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