Abstract
In the present study copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method with ranolazine as a shape-directing agent. Ranolazine-functionalized CuO NPs were characterized by various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM pattern confirmed the morphology of ranolazine-functionalized CuO NPs with well-defined rice-like structures. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the interaction between CuO NPs and ranolazine. The XRD analysis indicated that the structure of ranolazine-functionalized CuO NPs was monoclinic crystalline and the size ranged between 9 and 18 nm with an average particle size of 12 nm. The smaller size range of CuO NPs gave a large surface area that enhanced the efficiency of these catalysts employed for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the H 2 O system. In homogeneous catalysis, results showed that 50 μL of CuO NPs was required in the presence of NaBH4 for 99% reduction of 4-NP in 240 s. On the other hand, for heterogeneous catalysis, 0.5 mg of CuO NPs was used in the presence of NaBH4 for 99% catalytic reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP in 320 s. The rate of reaction for homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis was determined from the plots of In(Ct /C0) of 4-NP versus time (s), which showed good linearity with values of 1.3 × 10 -2 and 8.8 × 10 -3 s -1 . respectively. The high-quality catalytic efficiency, good reusability, nontoxic nature, and low cost are favorable properties of the synthesized CuO NPs for use as efficient catalysts for reduction of 4-AP to 4-NP in both homogeneous and heterogeneous media.
Highlights
Since the industrial revolution, environmental pollution has emerged as a serious issue for communities and researchers [1,2,3]
Infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study confirmed the interaction between CuO NPs and ranolazine
Results of the present study indicated that the environmentally friendly, economic, rapid, and simple protocol for the synthesis of CuO NPs was performed for the catalytic reduction of 4-NP into 4-AP
Summary
Environmental pollution has emerged as a serious issue for communities and researchers [1,2,3]. Nadaroglu et al followed a green synthesis route for the preparation of Au NPs by egg yolk These NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD and SEM [19]. Reusability of recoverable catalyst Glass slides on which CuO NPs were deposited and used for the reduction of 4-NP were taken out of the cuvette cell, washed slowly with pure water, and dried for further use. These particles were reused for up to 5 cycles and their catalytic efficiency was measured
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