Abstract
Abstract The European Union (EU) has set ambitious targets to increase the overall energy efficiency and decrease the environmental impact by introducing the ‘Green Deal.’ It is an EU plan for the transition to zero greenhouse gas emissions. The overall data analyses of GHG emissions per capita and GDP value in different EU countries show that the GDP increase in 2010–2017 has not increased GHG emissions. Therefore, the link between the GDP increase through energy resource usage increase has been eliminated. However, not all of the EU 27 member states contributed to the overall EU green policy equally. The article presents the methodology for the energy and environmental performance status analyses by evaluating nine different indicators (share of renewable energy, greenhouse gases per GDP, energy intensity, primary efficiency, industry efficiency, energy consumption in households, space heating efficiency, pollutant emissions from transport and specific energy consumption of transport sector) for EU member states. Indicators have been tested through correlation analyses. The use of multidimensional Energy and climate policy indicator has been proposed to rank the performance of different EU countries. The results show that the countries with the highest score in climate and energy indicator values are Sweden, Denmark, Latvia, Austria, Finland, Ireland, and Lithuania. The lowest obtained values are Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and France.
Highlights
IntroductionA continuing shift from conventional to non-conventional sources of energy has been taking place
During the last decades, a continuing shift from conventional to non-conventional sources of energy has been taking place
The average European Union (EU) greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emissions per capita in the energy sector decreased by 15 % between 2010 and 2017, down from 7.55 tCO2eq to 6.59 tCO2eq per capita in 2017
Summary
A continuing shift from conventional to non-conventional sources of energy has been taking place. Due to the adverse environmental effects of conventional energy forms of production and usage, and the finite yields of conventional sources of energy, the need for renewable energy sources (RES) usage is becoming urgent [1]. Since adopting the Kyoto Protocol in 2007, an environmentally friendly energy policy has been a critical frontrunner in climate action, including increased renewable energy resources (RES) in the energy sector and energy efficiency provision. Another step in greenhouse emission reduction besides the Kyoto Protocol adopted in 191 countries was establishing the Paris Agreement. The EU Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC is stipulated that EU member states should achieve
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