Réanimation des patients traumatisés crâniens graves

Abstract

Severe brain injuries, most often occurring in young subjects, are a major source of lost work years. These injuries are medical and surgical emergencies. Prehospital management of severe brain injuries requires intubation and mechanical ventilation aimed at normal arterial carbon dioxide pressure. Signs of transtentorial herniation: Uni- or bilateral mydriasis requires immediate perfusion of 20% mannitol or hypertonic sodium chloride. Neurological disorders after head injury justify emergency cerebral computed tomography. The presence of a mass syndrome or signs of transtentorial herniation are in principle indications for surgery. Specialized hospital management is essential. In the case of refractory intracranial hypertension, the cerebral perfusion pressure and osmotherapy should be adapted to the volume of the cerebral contusion. The use of deep hypothermia and barbiturates should be minimized as much as possible. Magnetic resonance imaging makes it possible to identify the cerebral lesions.