Rangeland degradation in Swaziland: Dip tank use effects on range condition and grazing capacity in three soil types

Abstract

This study examined rangeland condition and degradation characteristics of the semi-arid savannahs of Swaziland in response to distance from dip-tank points in three soil types. Eight dip-tanks, three each in sandy and loamy, and two in stony soils, were selected. Two transects (1 km) radiating from each dip-tank were established. Total herbaceous yield (range: 176–363.8 kg DM ha � 1 ) and grazing capacity (47.5–111.5 ha LSU � 1 ) were very low throughout the studied areas. Palatability and ecological values of grasses were 18.7–67.6% and 43.2–64.1%, respectively. Most sites were dominated by woody seedlings and saplings (<0– 2 m). Most vegetation variables did not respond considerably to distance, soil types and sites within soil types. When all measured variables were combined, the results showed a generally poor range condition scores across distance points from the dip-tank. A holistic restoration programme with full involvement of communal farmers, experts, policy makers and extension workers is recommended.