Abstract
To localize a moving source in shallow water with a single hydrophone, a passive range localization method based on synthetic aperture beamforming is proposed. First, the horizontal wavenumber spectrum excited by the source is obtained by synthetic aperture beamforming. Then, according to the theoretical derivation (when the integration time is short, the maximum value of the horizontal wavenumber spectrum is related to the average horizontal wavenumber and the radial velocity of the source), the radial velocity can be obtained after obtaining the average horizontal wavenumber. Finally, in the case where there is a closest point of approach (CPA), the range can be recovered from estimation of the range and time of CPA, and from the constant source speed alone the linear track by fitting the source velocity with the model of radial velocity. The only a priori information required is the sound velocity in water. The processing results using simulated data and SWellEx-96 experimental data show that the proposed method can effectively estimate the range of a moving source in shallow sea.
Highlights
Acoustic methods for localizing a source in an underwater acoustic waveguide, including direction finding and range and depth estimation, are a topic of great interest in the field of underwater acoustic signal processing
Kref where the average horizontal wavenumber kref = 2π fref /vp. It can be seen from Equation (7) that the approximation of the average horizontal wavenumber by the wavenumber in water causes a bias on the estimation of the average radial velocity, which will in turn affect the accuracy of the range estimation
The source range is estimated from the analysis of the signal received at the deepest array sensor
Summary
Acoustic methods for localizing a source in an underwater acoustic waveguide, including direction finding and range and depth estimation, are a topic of great interest in the field of underwater acoustic signal processing. Popular methods for estimating the source range and depth are matched field processing (MFP) [1,2] and matched mode processing (MMP) [3,4], which require multiple hydrophones to form a vertical or horizontal array to receive the source radiated noise. Cockrell and Schmidt [13] developed a ranging method based on the waveguide invariant This method calculates the slope of interference patterns in different regions on the range–frequency plane and uses the principle of waveguide invariance to achieve robust range measurement. Kuznetsov et al [16] have developed a single-hydrophone ranging method based on repeat Fourier transformation of the interference pattern formed during source motion. We derive a source range localization method based on single-hydrophone synthetic aperture beamforming.
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