Abstract
We report the range expansion of the Gulf Coast Toad, Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833), from tropical moist forests to tropical wet forests and towards southeastern Costa Rica. We evaluated erroneous reports of this species in databases on the web. Also, we discussed that movements to areas with wet conditions for a species known from humid and xeric habitats can be explained by the trends in deforestation and increments of the dry conditions during recent decades in the country.
Highlights
The genus Incilius (Cope, 1863), often referred to as the Mesoamerican Toads, currently contains 35 species which range from the southern edge of the United States down to the northern edge of Colombia (Frost et al 2009)
Both specimens collected in February 2019 (UCR 23197, UCR 23198) were part of an aggregation consisting of four more males of I. valliceps that were calling at night on low moist grass surrounding a small pond destined for growing Tilapia Fish (Tilapia sp.) and
In the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF 2020), we found 14 specimens of I. valliceps reported from Colombia and two from Panama, collected between the decades of 1940 and 1960
Summary
The genus Incilius (Cope, 1863), often referred to as the Mesoamerican Toads, currently contains 35 species which range from the southern edge of the United States down to the northern edge of Colombia (Frost et al 2009). Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833) belongs to the Incilius valliceps group, which is characterized by having cranial crests, medium to small parotoid glands, presence of an omosternum, and a fully developed auditory apparatus (Savage 2002; Mendelson et al 2011). This species presents one of the largest distributional ranges among toads of this genus, extending from central Veracruz in Mexico to the northern part of Costa Rica (Mendelson et al 2011). We present new records of I. valliceps from Costa Rica, expanding the current southern limit of distribution of this species
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