Randomized trial of low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) vs. unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease: 1-year results of the ESSENCE study

Abstract

A mathematical algorithm has been developed to compute the combined toxicity of mixtures of metal contaminants using toxicity data for the individual components of the mixture. The Microtox® bioassay was used to experimentally obtain the toxicity data for a suite of metals (Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, Cr) that could be potentially present in the environment. Statistically significant deviation of the experimental toxicity of mixtures from the calculated EC50 value using the algorithm represents a departure from an additive response, and is classified as synergism or antagonism, as appropriate. Results from binary and ternary metal combinations indicate that all three mixture situations — additive, synergistic, and antagonistic — are possible. The approach described here may also be applicable to any other assay capable of generating the required algorithm parameters.