Randomized study of preoperative radiation and surgery or irradiation alone in the treatment of Stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Final report

Abstract

A prospective randomized study in selected patients with Stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the uterine cervix was carried out at Washington University between January 1966 and December 1979. Patients were randomized to be treated with (1) irradiation alone consisting of 1000 cGy whole pelvis, additional 4000 cGy to the parametria with a step wedge midline block, and two intracavitary insertions for 7500 mgh; or (2) irradiation and surgery, consisting of 2000 cGy whole pelvis irradiation, one intracavitary insertion for 5000–6000 mgh followed 2 to 6 weeks later by a radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. A total of 40 patients with Stage IB and 16 with Stage IIA were randomized to be treated with irradiation alone. A similar group of 48 patients with Stage IB and 14 with IIA were randomized to the preoperative radiation and surgery group. The 5-year, tumor-free actuarial survival for Stage IB patients treated with radiation was 89% and with preoperative radiation and surgery 80%. In Stage IIA, the tumor-free actuarial 5-year survival was 56% for the irradiation alone group and 79% for the patients treated with preoperative radiation and radical hysterectomy. In the patients with Stage IB treated by irradiation alone only one pelvic failure combined with distant metastasis occurred, and 3 patients developed distant metastasis. In the 48 patients treated with combined therapy, there were six pelvic failures (12.5%) all combined with distant metastases and two distant metastases alone. In the 16 patients with Stage IIA treated with radiotherapy alone, there were four pelvic failures (all parametrial), three of them combined with distant metastasis. In the 14 patients treated with irradiation and surgery, two developed a pelvic recurrence, and one distant metastasis. In the preoperative radiation group, the incidence of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes was 6.3% in Stage IB and 7.1% in Stage IIA. Major complications of therapy in the patients treated with radiation alone (10%) consisted of one rectovaginal fistula, two vesicovaginal fistulas, and one rectal stricture. In the preoperative radiation group, three ureteral strictures and two severe proctitis-rectal strictures were noted (8%). The present study shows no significant difference in therapeutic results or morbidity for invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix Stage IB or IIA treated with irradiation alone or combined with a radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy.