Randomized clinical trial comparing PEG-based synthetic to porcine-derived collagen membrane in the preservation of alveolar bone following tooth extraction in anterior maxilla.

Abstract

The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare alveolar ridge preservation using a bone substitute material and covered with a synthetic or porcine collagen membrane. Thirty-two sockets in the aesthetic maxillary region of 30 patients were randomized into two groups. Randomization was stratified according to bone wall defect. Flapless technique was used, and sockets were grafted with bi-phasic calcium phosphate particulate bone substitute and covered by synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG; test group) or porcine-derived collagen membrane (CM; control group). No primary closure was attempted. A cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was performed immediately after the surgical procedure and repeated 22weeks later. OnDemand3D was used to superimpose scan images and assess changes. The mean vertical and horizontal percentage bone loss were calculated and implants placed after 6months with or without additional augmentation. There were no baseline differences between groups or dropouts. The mean percentage loss at the labial plate and at the coronal part of the sockets was statistically significantly lower in the test group compared with controls (-2.86% [SD=13.48] versus 7.42% [SD=11.95]; 13.45% [SD=11.97] versus 28.59% [SD=16.97]). Implants were placed after 6months, and there was no difference in need for further augmentation between PEG (n=5) or CM (n=4). Sites treated with PEG membrane showed less percentage loss in horizontal and vertical measurements in this trial.