Abstract
As the demand for and services of the Internet of Things (IoT) increase, the dense deployment of a massive number of devices is expected in future IoT networks. Accordingly, an appropriate scheduling method will be required to fairly support the overwhelmingly large number of devices or users operating in practical environments. In this paper, we consider a single-cell downlink network in which one transmitter, such as an access point and base station, supports the massive number of users by using a space–time line code (STLC) scheme. Here, to resolve a prohibitively large amount of channel state information (CSI) feedback from the users to the transmitter, we propose a new STLC scheme called random STLC that uses a random vector for the STLC encoding. Furthermore, a proportional fairness (PF) scheduler is modified with a priority factor that is proportional to the devised alternative signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. By a comparison with an optimal STLC system that uses full CSI with a PF scheduler, we justify the benefit of the proposed random STLC with a PF scheduler using partial CSI for massive-user networks. Numerical results obtained from a rigorous simulation confirm that the proposed scheme can provide a comparable to achievable rate and fairness with massive number of users together with affordable feedback overhead in massive networks.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) or Everything (IoE) involves an intelligent network that is able to connect all things through the Internet [1]–[3]
This is a typical case in the networks with the massive number of IoT devices operating in frequency division duplex (FDD)
We summarize the procedure of proportional fairness (PF) scheduling with the designed aSINRk at scheduling time i: Step 1: 1) The Tx generates a random vector w = [w1 w2]T . 2) The Tx broadcasts space–time line code (STLC) training symbols defined as s1 = s2 = s3 = s4 =
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) or Everything (IoE) involves an intelligent network that is able to connect all things through the Internet [1]–[3]. To exploit the increased degree of freedom of the radio resource in the time domain as well as the frequency domain from the narrow band and to support the massive number of devices, many rigorous studies have been performed by designing scheduling and association methods in the higher layers above the physical layer (PHY) in communication systems. User (device) scheduling in PHY, in the time domain, was studied to further improve the energy efficiency of NOMA-based IoT networks, which is indirectly equivalent to connectivity [25]. The condition of full CSI at the Tx would be infeasible if the CSI needed to be fed back from all users, and the overall amount of feedback is huge This is a typical case in the networks with the massive number of IoT devices operating in frequency division duplex (FDD).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
