Random singlet phase of cold atoms coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide

Abstract

Systems consisting of cold atoms trapped near photonic crystal waveguides have recently emerged as an exciting platform for quantum atom-light interfaces. Such a system enables realization of tunable long-range interactions between internal states of atoms (spins), mediated by guided photons. Currently, experimental platforms are still limited by low filling fractions, where the atom number is much smaller than the number of sites at which atoms can potentially be trapped. Here, we show that this regime in fact enables interesting many-body quantum phenomena, which are typically associated with short-range disordered systems. As an example, we show how the system can realize the so-called ``random singlet phase'' (RSP), in which all atoms pair into entangled singlets, but the pairing occurs over a distribution of ranges as opposed to nearest neighbors. We use a renormalization group method to obtain the distribution of spin entanglement in the RSP, and show how this state can be approximately reached via adiabatic evolution from the ground state of a noninteracting Hamiltonian. We also discuss how experimentally this RSP can be observed. We anticipate that this work will accelerate the route toward the exploration of strongly correlated matter in atom-nanophotonics interfaces, by avoiding the requirement of perfectly filled lattices.