Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Four Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) Variants from Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) is an ornamental fish with many hobbyists because of the beauty of its color pattern. Koi fish are widely cultivated around the world. Indonesia is a country that has many koi fish breeders and hobbyists. Crossbreeding between variants of koi fish can form a new variants. and provide a lot of genetic variation. This study aims to determine the variations and genetic relationships of koi fish that are widely cultivated in Indonesia. This study used 40 koi fish originating from fish farmers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Koi fish variants used are Kohaku, Showa, Sanke, and Shiro. This research uses amplification method with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker which is OPA-1 and OPA-9. The results of the RAPD-PCR showed 14 bands from the OPA-1 primer and 5 bands from the OPA-9 primer with a total of 19 bands consisting of 18 polymorphic bands and 1 monomorphic band from the four samples of koi fish variants. The results of the polymorphism analysis showed that the polymorphisms of the Shiro variants is 63.16%, Showa 47.37%, Kohaku 36.84%, and Sanke 31.58%. Genetic distance calculation using the Nei genetic distance shows that the Kohaku variant has a close genetic distance to the Showa variant and the Sanke variant has a close genetic distance to the Shiro variant.