Abstract
To meet the electricity needs at night and the production of agricultural products in Kp. Mulyasari was designed and built a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH) Turbine which can produce power up to 2,500 Watt. This machine is designed to be easy to install, easy to operate, inexpensive to maintain. The selected turbine type is a Cross-Flow air turbine for a low head. Turbines operate at impulse pressure, where the potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy through the nozzles to push the turbine's front blades. In the design of this turbine, it is designed, so that it has a long life span, low investment value, minimal maintenance costs, easy installation costs, and is driven by water, thereby conserving natural resources. The turbine is designed based on data from field survey results in Kp. Mulyasari, with results; Head (H) = 1.85 m; Water discharge (Q) = 0.2 m3 / s; Turbine rotation (planned) (n) = 214 rpm; Turbine efficiency (plan) (ηt) = 68%; Density of water (ρ) = 997.8 kg / m3. From the calculation results, obtained the Cross-Flow turbine design specifications as follows: High waterfall (H) = 1.85 m; Water discharge (Q) = 0.2 m3 / s; Turbine efficiency (plan) (ηt) = 68%; Power (N) = 2,497 kW; Rotation (n) = 214 rpm; Specific speed (ns) = 770,4138831 rpm; Road blade diameter (DL) = 0.40 m; Naaf diameter (Dn) = 0.035 m; Steering blade width (B) = 0.032 m; Number of road blades = 26 pieces.
Highlights
Turbines operate at impulse pressure
where the potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy through the nozzles to push the turbine's front blades
The turbine is designed based on data from field survey results
Summary
Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan listrik di malam hari dan produksivitas hasil pertanian berupa kopi perlu di rancang sebuah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) yang dapat menghasilkan daya s/d 2.500 Watt. Dalam hal perancangan ini mikrohidro mempunyai beberapa bagian utama, yaitu: sumber energi berupa air, turbin sebagai media untuk memutar generator, generator sebagai penghasil listrik, serta kontrol panel untuk mengontrol daya yang dihasilkan. Air yang mengalir dari ketinggi dengan debit yang sudah diperhitungkan akan mendorong sudu pada turbin, sehingga memutar poros turbin dan menggerakkan rotor generator dan menghasilkan listrik. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan listrik pada malam hari masyarakat menggunakan turbin air konvensional, sesuai dengan Gambar 1. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk merancang dan membuat mesin turbin pembangkit listrik tenaga mikro-hidro (PLTMH) yang dapat menghasilkan daya 2.500 Watt. Dengan kondisi geografis pegunungan dan menuju kampung tersebut dibutuhkan tantangan yang cukup berat
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