İran safranı (Crocus sativus L.) ile Türkiye'nin makro ve mikro lokasyonlarda yetiştirilen safranın kalite özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması

Abstract

In this study, volatile and bioactive compositions of saffron samples collected from Khorasani region in Iran Razavi and different locations in Turkey containing Hatay (Kırıkhan, Iskenderun, Hassa and Yayladağı counties), Karabük (Safranbolu county Yukarıbucak and Ovacuma villages), Ankara (Ayaş, Nallıhan and Polatlı counties), Çukurova region (Adana-Cukurova, Mersin-Tarsus and Osmaniye-Kadirli counties) and Antalya (Korkuteli county) were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/FID and GC-MS/MS) for identification and quantification of volatile compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction method using methanol:ethyl acetate solvent mixture was used to isolate the volatile components of saffron. This study revealed that the amounts of the volatile and bioactive compounds of saffron veried between different geographical locations. The most important bioactive compounds of saffron, safranal, crocin and crocetin, were also quantitatively analyzed in all saffron samples. The highest amount of safranal and crocin were observed in Hatay yayladağı saffron with 22532.97 mg kg-1 and 647.26 mg/kg, respectively. The highest amount of crocetin was obtained with 6.73 mg/kg in Ankara Ayaş saffron. While Hatay kırıkhan saffron contained the highest fraction of fatty acid content with 23.56%, the highest fraction of bioactive components was discovered in Karabük safranbolu ovacuma saffron with 90.84%. According to the obtained outcomes, the highest qualities saffron were determined to be observed in Hatay yayladağı and Karabük safranbolu ovacuma saffron, respectively.