Abstract
We present analytical results of ramp effects in asymmetric simple exclusion processes. Both on-ramp and off-ramp are included in between the two open boundaries. Exact phase diagrams are obtained analytically in the full parameter space. We find that the order of the two ramps is crucial. When the on-ramp is placed after the off-ramp along the traffic direction, there are only four distinct phases since free flow will not follow a congestion. When the on-ramp is placed before the off-ramp, we observe a new phase. The bottleneck emerges as the flow in between the two ramps saturates to its maximum. Applications to a traffic rotary are discussed.
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