Abstract
Barium titanate (BaTiO 3) crystal samples with different distribution of oxygen vacancies were prepared through different thermal treatment processes. The influences of oxygen vacancies on the Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of BaTiO 3 single crystals were studied comparatively. Raman measurements of fast-cooled BaTiO 3, which annealed in vacuum and then cooled in air showed many different spectroscopic results comparing with as-received BaTiO 3 sample. Raman measurements of slow-cooled BaTiO 3, which annealed in vacuum and then cooled in tube furnace exhibited few spectroscopic differences. XPS measurements of as-received BaTiO 3 sample and fast-cooled BaTiO 3 sample confirmed that this discrepancy resulted from the surface phase of oxygen vacancy in BaTiO 3.
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