Raman spectroscopy of copper nanoparticle‐containing glass matrices: ancient red stained‐glass windows

Abstract

AbstractA selection of red‐flashed and red‐coated medieval potash lime and 19th century soda lime stained glass pieces were studied in the laboratory using different instruments and laser wavelengths, both at lower and higher than the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of copper. The Raman signatures of the transparent glass matrix and the red glass layers are discussed and compared with those recorded on model glasses containing a dispersion of Cu0 nanoparticles. Evidence is given that the conformation of the silica network in the vicinity of the metal nanoparticles differs from that of the glass matrix. Hematite and carbon traces are evidenced in the Cu0‐rich layers, which is consistent with the use of a combination of a reducing atmosphere and redox couples to control the growth of metallic copper particles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.