Raman spectroscopy-multivariate analysis related to morphological surface features on nanomaterials applied for dentin coverage.

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the effect of coating materials and acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF) treatment on dentin before and after erosion-abrasion cycles. A multi-walled carbon nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid carbon-based material (MWCNTO-GO), nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp), or a combined composite (nHAp/MWCNTO-GO) were used as a coating. Seventy root dentin fragments obtained from 40 bovine teeth were prepared and divided into groups (n=10): negative control, artificial saliva - C, positive control - APF; nHAp; MWCNTO-GO; APF_nHAp; APF_MWCNTO-GO and APF_nHAp/MWCNTO-GO. All samples were subjected to cycles of demineralization (orange juice, pH ~3.7, room temperature, 1min) followed by remineralization (saliva, 37°C, 1h). The remineralization procedures were followed by tooth brushing (150 strokes). The above cycle was repeated 3×/day for 5days. The previous APF treatment of dentin allowed a better affinity of nHAp and MWCNTO-GO with the inorganic and organic portion of dentin, respectively. This interaction indicates the formation of a protective layer for the dentin surface and for the collagen giving possible protection against erosion. SEM micrographs illustrated the formation of a protective layer after application of the biomaterials and that it was partially or totally removed after the erosion and abrasion. Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis could distinguish samples with respect to treatment efficacy. The APF_nHAP/MWCNT-GO composite has shown to be a promising material since it has binding characteristics both to the inorganic and organic portion of the dentin and reduced solubility. Mineral-to-matrix ratio (MMR) parameter analysis confirmed the binding capability of MWCNTO-GO-based materials to dentin.