Abstract
In this work, optical scattering using Raman spectroscopy has been analyzed for various cancer tissues. The Raman shifts obtained at the Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) laboratories have been processed for diagnosing various types of cancer tissues. The objective of this research is to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. Small size tissue samples have been processed, seeking the minimum size tissue that can be diagnosed via Raman spectroscopy. The tests have been conducted on nearly 20 human tissues. A Matlab program has been written following Parzen-Window classifier to recognize the Raman shift pattern for various types of cancer tissues, including breast cancer, kidney, and Gyn-Uterus. A software visual model has been used for data processing. Unique signals for breast and kidney tumors have been obtained. The approach followed in this paper shows promise for early cancer detection in humans.
Highlights
Cancer is a serious disease that threatens human life due to the nonpathogenic existence of the illness, and this makes it difficult to control its progress if it reaches late stages
The Raman shifts obtained at the Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) and Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) laboratories have been processed for diagnosing various types of cancer tissues
In diagnosing breast cancer tissues, near 80% of the tumors detected by mammography prove to be benign upon biopsy, an invasive diagnostic procedure which may add to the unnecessary cost of the diagnosis
Summary
Cancer is a serious disease that threatens human life due to the nonpathogenic existence of the illness, and this makes it difficult to control its progress if it reaches late stages. The vibration/scattering spectrum has promising potential as an analytical tool for diagnosis This could be attributed to the detection of the chemical composition and molecular structure of matters. Raman spectroscopy is a tool that is used in determining the molecular characteristics of various matters, including chemical bonds, and molecular and physiochemical structure This is based on light scattering characteristics with matters. The frequency difference between the incident and scattered radiation is employed in the diagnosis This technique is well established for non-invasive medical diagnosis of cancer tissues [1,2,3,4,5]. Current technique of Raman Spectroscopy is able to detect microparticles at a maximum depth of 5 mm [6]. Researchers have investigated reliable means for non-invasive diagnostic tools, debating between mammography and Raman spectroscopy. Throughout research studies, issues related to minimum size tissues, maximum depth, and safety are of general concern
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