Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as a subject of enormous scientific attention due to their outstanding mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Incorporated in a polymeric matrix, they are expected to significantly improve physical properties of the host medium at extremely small filler content. In this work, we report a characterization of various carbonaceous materials by Raman spectroscopy that has become a key technique for the analysis of different types of sp2 nanostructures, including one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, two-dimensional graphene and the effect of disorder in their structures. The dispersion behavior of the D and G’ Raman bands, that is, their shift to higher frequencies with increasing laser excitation energy, is used to assess the interfacial properties between the filler and the surrounding polymer in the composites.
Highlights
In recent decades, the intense research in the area of polymer composites has motivated a great interest towards carbon-based materials including carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite or graphene
The last few years have seen the extensive use of fillers with at least one dimension in the nanometric scale because of the small size of the filler and the corresponding increase in the surface area, allowing to achieve the desired properties at much lower filler loadings than those required with the conventional carbon black [5]
We have shown the significance of Raman spectroscopy in addressing the behavior of composites filled with carbon black, carbon nanotubes or multilayer graphene [31,32,33,34]
Summary
The intense research in the area of polymer composites has motivated a great interest towards carbon-based materials including carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite or graphene. The last few years have seen the extensive use of fillers with at least one dimension in the nanometric scale because of the small size of the filler and the corresponding increase in the surface area, allowing to achieve the desired properties at much lower filler loadings than those required with the conventional carbon black [5] These nanoparticles include spherical particles such as silica or titanium dioxide generated in situ by the sol-gel process; layered silicates; carbon or clay fibers; carbon nanotubes; and graphene [5,6,7]. The present paper extends the study to other graphitic fillers such as graphite flakes, graphite nanoplatelets and to graphene oxide for a thorough comparison between the spectroscopic properties of the various carbon species It aims exclusively at investigating the important problem of the polymer-filler interface in order to produce advanced high-performance elastomeric composites. It was of interest to investigate if other carbon species and especially graphene oxide have the potential to be used as reinforcing fillers for silicone rubbers
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