Abstract
The mechanism of formation of the polarimetric signal observed in the spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) is analyzed from the viewpoint of the light scattering theory. A rigorous calculation of the polarimetric signal (Faraday rotation or ellipticity) recorded in the SNS is presented in the approximation of single scattering. We show that it is most correctly to consider this noise as a result of scattering of the probe light beam by fluctuating susceptibility of the medium. Fluctuations of the gyrotropic (antisymmetric) part of the susceptibility tensor lead to appearance of the typical for the SNS Faraday rotation noise at the Larmor frequency. At the same time, fluctuations of linear anisotropy of the medium (symmetric part of the susceptibility tensor) give rise to the ellipticity noise of the probe beam spectrally localized at the double Larmor frequency. The results of the theoretical analysis well agree with the experimental data on the ellipticity noise in cesium vapor.
Highlights
Spin noise spectroscopy (SNS), for the first time demonstrated on a sodium vapor [1] back in 1981, has been rapidly developing over the past decade and has proven to be an efficient tool for studying the energy structure of matter
We present a brief description of a typical spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) setup and derive the general relationship between the polarimetric signal (FR or ellipticity noise) recorded in SNS and optical susceptibility tensor of the scattering particles
Throughout the article, polarimetric signals recorded in SNS are considered as the result of Raman scattering in its simplest form, when the modulation of the optical susceptibility leads to the appearance of side frequencies in the scattered field, which is described by classical electrodynamics
Summary
Spin noise spectroscopy (SNS), for the first time demonstrated on a sodium vapor [1] back in 1981, has been rapidly developing over the past decade and has proven to be an efficient tool for studying the energy structure of matter (see, e. g., reviews [2–6]). Throughout the article, polarimetric signals recorded in SNS are considered as the result of Raman scattering in its simplest form, when the modulation of the optical susceptibility leads to the appearance of side frequencies in the scattered field, which is described by classical electrodynamics. This assumption seems to be justified for the purposes of SNS, since the frequency shift of the scattered radiation is much less than the temperature (in frequency units) at which the measurements are made
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