Abstract
Water is the only atmospheric parameter with three-phase state. An ultraviolet Raman lidar was developed for synchronous measurements for water vapor, liquid water and ice water in Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China (34.233°N, 108.911°E). An accurate retrieval method on the basis of interference degree is proposed for synchronous three-phase water mixing ratio profiles. Preliminary measurements are carried out in the Laser Radar Center of Remote Sensing of Atmosphere (LRCRSA). Several representative examples are obtained and validated the performance of Raman system. Combined with atmospheric temperature profiles, the synchronous water vapor, liquid water and ice water profiling are retrieved and revealed the variation characteristics in three-phase water. The effective detection can reach up to a height of 5 km under cloudy weather, and synchronized growth in water vapor and liquid water content was obtained in cloud layers. Continuous observations are also made under haze weather condition, and the temporal and spatial evolution trend of three-phase water in clouds at 2 km altitude are successfully realized.
Highlights
Water vapor is the only atmospheric parameter with three-phase state, which plays an important role in the global water cycle
Many ground-based Raman lidar systems have achieved currently exist around the world, and significant achievements have been made in the measurement of atmospheric water vapor and aerosol profiles [1,2,3,4]
In 2000, Veselovski et al developed a Raman lidar for detecting water vapor and liquid water in tropospheric layer, and the relative lidar power under different atmospheric conditions was mainly discussed [5]
Summary
Water vapor is the only atmospheric parameter with three-phase state, which plays an important role in the global water cycle. Supercooled water in cloud (which remains liquid below 0° C), is one of the most important parameters indicative to the potential of artificial precipitation enhancement. In 2000, Veselovski et al developed a Raman lidar for detecting water vapor and liquid water in tropospheric layer, and the relative lidar power under different atmospheric conditions was mainly discussed [5]. In 2004, Zhien Wang et al developed a Raman lidar to detect the solid-water content in cirrus clouds, and proposed the inversion method of solid-water mixing ratio [6]. An accurate retrieval method on the basis of interference degree is proposed for synchronous three-phase water mixing ratio profiles.
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