Raman and photoluminescence of Er 3+-doped SnO 2 obtained via the sol–gel technique from solutions with distinct pH

Abstract

Raman and infrared photoluminescence measurements are carried out for Er 3+ -doped SnO 2 pellets (hard-pressed powders) obtained by the sol–gel technique from colloidal suspensions with distinct pH. Raman data indicate that bulk vibration modes are dominating for neutral pH. When the pH is modified, there is an intensity increase of acoustic surface modes. The evaluation of bulk and crystallite surface vibration modes indicates that the contribution of the bulk decreases for pH above the neutral and decreases even further for acid pH, becoming the surface vibration modes as dominating in this case. Infrared photoluminescence data indicate that the intensity of the emission generated from the 4I 13/2 → 4I 15/2 transition is strongly dependent on the pH of colloidal suspension, which may broaden the emission peaks due to overlapping of Stark levels.