Abstract
We report herein the variations in the Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of barium titanate (BT) induced by individual doping of yttrium at the Ba sites and of tin at the Ti sites, as well as the effect of their co-doping. Spectra were acquired from samples prepared by the solid-state route. The yttrium-doped samples (Ba1-1.5xYxTiO3, x = 0, 0.002, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.03) showed a blueshift in the A1(TO2) mode (ca. 259 cm−1) for x = 0.01 and 0.03. In the case of tin-doped samples (BaTi1-ySnyO3, y = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.1), a redshift in the B1 phonon mode and an intensification of a mode at ca. 197 cm−1 were observed with an increase in y. A redshift in the position of the A1(TO2) mode was also observed. The effects of co-doping (Ba1-1.5xYxTi1-ySnyO3; x = 0.005 and 0.01; y = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) can be rationalized with reference to the effects of individual doping. FTIR data for tin-doped BT showed a systematic blueshift of the metal-oxygen absorption band with an increase in doping, although variations in broadness were noted for co-doped samples. These investigations provide a better understanding of the doping-induced effects in barium titanate.
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