Raised Jugular Venous Pressure Intensifies Release of Brain Injury Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Abstract

Neurologic damage after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation is multifactorial. Despite several studies, its pathophysiology is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in jugular venous pressure and to analyze their effect on perioperative brain injury measured by biomarkers in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Observational study. Department of cardiac surgery in a medical university hospital. Adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation under general anesthesia. The right jugular vein was cannulated in retrograde fashion. Jugular venous pressure was measured in the jugular vein bulb (JVBP). Concentrations of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein, tau protein, arteriovenous lactate, and jugular vein saturation were measured as the markers of brain injury during the surgery and early postoperative period. All were analyzed in relation to JVBP. Increased JVBP was noted after extracorporeal circulation and after surgery. A significant increase >12 mmHg for JVBP, increased plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein, tau protein, arteriovenous lactate concentrations, and decreased jugular vein saturation were observed. Cardiac surgery increased JVBP and an increased JVBP > 12 mmHg intensified an increase in brain injury biomarker concentrations.