Abstract
“They” were always there. Or at least, “they” were there since antiquity; since the time that foraging for food in the wild invariably meant consuming “them” laced on the food. In the hollow organs and on the surface, “they” live peacefully, in harmony. “They”: The “Microbiome.” Trillions of “them”! (Sonnenburg et al., 2004; Backhed et al., 2005; Pluznick, 2014; Lanza et al., 2015; McNally and Brown, 2015; Mermel, 2015; Woolhouse et al., 2015) When the balance gets tipped off, at least in some organs, clinical signs are manifested. For example, Gardnerella, a common constituent of vaginal micro-organisms, colonize and smear the epitheliocyte producing the so-called “clue cells,” and manifest a local secretory phenome, along with odorous volatile substances production, the “whiff,” so commonly detected during presentations of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the STI clinic (Machado and Cerca, 2015). “They” love the lack of oxygen.
Highlights
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Gastrointestinal Sciences, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology
The greatest fermentor in the human body is the post-esophageal gut; the anaerobic environment is capable of producing an environment where gases may be formed, both in the foregut, through the small intestines, and in the hindgut, with the gradient of bioreactor activity increasing in that order
Oral administration of Lactobacillus-fermented milk reduce blood pressure in spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SHR) and humans, and it has been suggested that this may be mediated by short peptide sequences from bacterial metabolites (Yamamoto et al, 1994; Nakamura et al, 1995; Seppo et al, 2003; Sekirov et al, 2010; Khalesi et al, 2014)
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Gastrointestinal Sciences, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology. One of this is a recent well-performed study that endeavors to establish a relation between altered cecal populations of microbes in Dahl salt sensitive rats as the basis for their hypertension (Mell et al, 2015). Previous studies have proposed the role of gut microbiota and metabolite sensing by G coupled receptors in Microbiome Changes and Hypertension kidney (Pluznick et al, 2013).
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