Abstract
Rainwater is the main source of drinking water in tropical communities, especially in West Kalimantan. Air contamination causes rainwater to become acidic and cloudy and adds heavy metals such as Pb into rainwater. In addition to pollution, the way in which the rainwater is collected such as through zinc roofing also exposes the rainwater to heavy metals. The presence of Pb in rainwater will have an impact on the health of the community in the long run. The model of simple water treatment using filtration is needed to overcome this problem with the use of media available in the region. The media used are in the form of mollusk sand and activated carbon. In the end, the mollusk sand filtration model and activated carbon sorption were effectively used to filter polluted rainwater to be safe for consumption.
Highlights
Increasing population and industrial growth have an impact on air quality [6]
From the results of the examination of rainwater samples originating from West Kalimantan, Indonesia, with the research locations of Pontianak City and Kubu Raya, it is seen that the rainwater in these areas contain Pb
Pb in rainwater is found in the southeastern region of Nigeria and Australia. e trigger factor for the presence of Pb in rainwater in the region comes from environmental factors such as air pollution and rainwater collection through zinc roofs [4, 5]. e results of the examination (Table 1) show that the highest Pb levels in rainwater that come into contact with the zinc roof found in the Central Siantan District of North Pontianak have an average concentration of 222 μg/l and the lowest concentration is found in Limbung village in Sungai Raya District with an average of 44.6 μg/l
Summary
Increasing population and industrial growth have an impact on air quality [6]. As in West Kalimantan, besides the industrialization factor, the condition of peatlands is a contributor to air pollution due to fires in the dry season [7]. Under highly polluted air conditions, the quality of rainwater normally gets affected, for example, increase in the heavy metal content, such as lead (Pb) [8, 9]. Temporal demand for studying the effects of drinking water exposed to lead is attractive because of its toxicological effects, such as kidney disease, cancer, and cognitive impairment from chronic exposure in the short term [15, 16]. Measurement of Pb exposure levels in rainwater as a source of drinking water needs to be done as an assessment of health risks by exposure to this heavy metal. Our goal is to determine the level of rainwater exposure to Pb causing health risks and bring about efforts to use rainwater as a safe source of drinking water by applying appropriate technology using media from activated carbon and mollusk sand
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