Rainfall-Runoff Estimation Using SCS-CN and GIS Approach in the Kuakhai Watershed of the Mahanadi Basin of Bhubaneswar Odisha

Abstract

Rainfall and runoff are significant constitute the source of water for recharge of ground water in the watershed. Rainfall is a major the primary source of recharge into the ground water. Other, substantial sources of recharge include seepage from tank, canals, streams and functional irrigation. Evaluation of water availability by understanding of rainfall and runoff is essential. Hydrometerological and hydrological data are an important role in the assessment of source water accessibility for planning and design of source water accessibility for planning and design of artificial recharge structures. The surface water resources are available in the watershed from runoff from rivers, streams and in surface water bodies. The total area of study is about 453.5km2, of which fall in kuakhai river basin so considered for runoff model assessment in a watershed is a precondition for the design of artificial recharge structures, reservoir and soil erosion control. Surface water resource planning and management is an important and critical issue in the hard rock regions. Runoff in a watershed affected by geomorphological factors, particularly, land use change affects the runoff volume and runoff rate significantly. In the present case study assumed to estimate the surface runoff from a catchment but one of the Curve Number methods is mostly used. The SCS-CN method is useful for calculation volume of runoff from the land surface meets in the river or streams. The proposed construction of artificial recharge structures can be thought of in the given study area. The output is useful for the watershed development and planning of water resources effectively. Rainfall and runoff are important components contributing significantly to the hydrological cycle, design of hydrological structures and morphology of the drainage system. Estimation of the same is carried out to determine and forecast its effects. Estimation of direct rainfall-runoff is always efficient but is not possible for most of the location in desired time. Use of remote sensing and GIS technology can be useful to overcome the problem in conventional methods for estimating runoff. In this paper, modified Soil Conservation System (SCS) CN method is used for runoff estimation that considers parameter like slope, vegetation cover, area of watershed.