Rainfall erosivity in Brazil: A review

Abstract

In this paper, we review the erosivity studies conducted in Brazil to verify the quality and representativeness of the results generated and to provide a greater understanding of the rainfall erosivity (R factor) in Brazil. We searched the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases and in recent theses and dissertations to obtain the following information: latitude, longitude, city, states, length of record (years), altitude, precipitation, R factor, equations calculated and respective determination coefficient (R 2 ). We found 35 studies in Brazil that used pluviographic rainfall data to calculate the rainfall erosivity. These studies were concentrated in the cities of the south and southeast regions (~ 60% of all the cities studied in Brazil) with a few studies in other regions, mainly in the north. The annual rainfall erosivity in Brazil ranged from 1672 to 22,452 MJ mm ha − 1 h − 1 yr − 1 . The lowest values were found in the northeast region, and the highest values were found in the north region. The rainfall erosivity tends to increase from east to west, particularly in the northern part of the country. In Brazil, there are 73 regression equations to calculate erosivity. These equations can be useful to map rainfall erosivity for the entire country. To this end, techniques already established in Brazil may be used for the interpolation of rainfall erosivity, such as geostatistics and artificial neural networks. ► We review the erosivity studies conducted in Brazil. ► The annual rainfall erosivity ranged from 1672 to 22,452 MJ mm ha − 1 h − 1 yr − 1 . ► The lowest values are found in the northeastern region, and the highest values in the north. ► The rainfall erosivity tends to increase from east to west. ► We found 73 regression equations to calculate rainfall erosivity in the country.