RAIN WATER HARVESTING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

About 70 percent of the earth is water. Despite this, if the people living in the remaining 30 percent area are facing its shortage, then it is necessary to know the reasons behind it. Merely knowing these reasons by a few sections of the people is not going to change anything because the existence of water element in nature is going to be constant. If there is a shortage of water in 30 percent of the area, it does not mean that it is getting destroyed from there. Rather, it means that somehow it is getting from there in 70 percent part. The scope of human life is in 30 percent of the earth, it is a serious and shameful thing for the human being to let the water go somewhere else, not caring about it and getting into trouble himself. The sources of water are on the surface, the ground and the sky, and any disturbance from anywhere in this range can affect a very large area. But such disturbances can be fettered only when 30 percent of the people have an intuitive understanding of these disturbances. Along with development, increasing demand for water like other resources is a normal process. Due to increase in population, urbanization, change in living habits etc., the pressure on groundwater is increasing, whose effect is clearly visible in many areas in the form of decline in groundwater level and quality. The availability of water in any region of India depends on the geographical conditions and the amount of rainwater there. But, in this period of development, rapid changes are being made in the geographical structures, the resources are increasing rapidly. Consumption/utility and extinction of various water resources have changed the dimensions of water availability. Now the effect of all ecological dimensions on the water is becoming important. On the other hand, the word pollution has become common to all the areas. Along with the development, some of the relevant effects of the industrial revolution at the global level are constantly taking a formidable form in the form of pollution. Due to this the scope of pollution of water of wells, ponds, rivers, even ground water sources are increasing day by day. The considerable concern is being expressed about the pollution of large parts of the water in these circumstances.