Abstract
Improving market competitiveness and economic efficiency was the objective behind the demonopolisation and liberalisation of the railway sector in the European Union. Achieving this objective remains important and crucial to the development of a single rail transport market. The transport performance and financial results of the sector under the new, separative organisational structure of railways in the EU is the result of the action of many different actors, private operators and public entities. This significantly complicates the development of uniform and clear comparable performance evaluation indicators for the sector and makes comparative analyses difficult. Moreover, the specific situation of railways in the EU as a tool for implementing environmental and social policy may conflict with the requirements of financial efficiency. The article presents determinants and methods of measuring railway efficiency proposed by researchers and practitioners.
Highlights
The process of restructuring the railways in the European Union began in the early 1990s
Improving market competitiveness and economic efficiency was the objective behind the demonopolisation and liberalisation of the railway sector in the European Union
In the light of climate change, it is increasingly important for the economies of the European Union to meet growing transport needs in an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient manner, in accordance with the idea of the European Green Deal
Summary
The process of restructuring the railways in the European Union began in the early 1990s. In the light of climate change, it is increasingly important for the economies of the European Union to meet growing transport needs in an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient manner, in accordance with the idea of the European Green Deal. It is fundamental for the efficiency and development of rail transport to achieve lower production costs and a better service offering that meets customer expectations This objective has guided the restructuring, demonopolisation and liberalisation of the railway market in the European Union. The aim of this article is to present methods for measuring railway efficiency
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