RADT-04. ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL ALTERATIONS BEFORE RADIATION THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMORS

Abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND Young patients with malignant brain tumors show neurocognitive alterations as both consequences of the tumor and of treatments received. A prospective study of longitudinal radiation damages after focal RT was activated in 2017. We present the first analysis correlating tumor localization, symptoms, neurological/endocrinological impairments, surgery/ies if adopted, and cognitive assessments at the time of enrollment. METHODS Sixty-six children eligible for focal RT were enrolled and underwent a neurocognitive assessment based on standardized tests (“impaired”/“non-impaired”). The database included demographical, clinical and pathological variables. The latter, together with MRI morphological scans, were used to define different kind of damage scores. The pattern of associations between clinical variables and damage scores was investigated. RESULTS Patients median age was 8 years; the most frequent tumor was Ependymoma (41%) and Posterior Fossa (29%) was the prevalent tumor site. All but 5 children (with Germ Cell Tumors), had undergone surgery and 32 had undergone chemotherapy before irradiation and evaluations. Ad-hoc scores of neurological deficits and endocrine alterations were created to characterize each patient. Moreover, structural abnormalities were quantified in a score for each cortical/subcortical region. Patients with posterior fossa Ependymomas and infratentorial tumors showed higher neurological damage scores. Endocrine alterations were more serious in supratentorial tumors, specifically in patients with Craniopharyngioma and Germ Cell tumors of the sellar region and ventricular system. Deficit scores were not associated to the presence of hydrocephalus and surgery, unlike endocrine alteration scores. The median number of child’s structural damaged areas was equal to 2 (IQR: 2-3). Tumor sites of patients with an impaired or non-impaired full-scale IQ or visual-perception index, was found to be different. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of baseline evaluations highlights damages preexisting to irradiations and generated by multiple factors. In light of these findings, damages over time could be better investigated by distinguishing multiple generating factors.