Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata extracts ameliorate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by restoring lipid metabolism in hepatocytes

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevanceHepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a common occurrence during or after liver surgery, representing a major cause for postoperative complications or increased morbidity and mortality in liver diseases. Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP) is a traditional Chinese medicine frequently used and has garnered extensive attention for its therapeutic potential treating cardiovascular and hepatic ailments. Recent studies have indicated the possibility of RRP in regulating lipid accumulation and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the specific mechanisms by which RRP may impede the progression of HIRI through the regulation of lipid metabolism. Materials and methodsHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the major components of RRP water extract. C57BL/6J mice were orally given RRP at doses of 2.5 g/kg, 5 g/kg, and 10 g/kg for a duration of 7 days before undergoing HIRI surgery. Furthermore, we established a lipid-loaded in vitro model by exposing hepatocytes to oleic acid and palmitic acid (OAPA). The anti-HIRI effect of RRP was determined through transcriptomics and various molecular biology experiments. ResultsAfter identifying active ingredients in RRP, we observed that RRP exerted lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective effects on HIRI mice and OAPA-treated hepatocytes. RRP activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which further on the one hand, inhibited the cleavage and activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) by limiting the movement of SREBPs cleavage-activating protein (SCAP)-SREBP2 complex with the help of endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft-associated protein 1 (ERLIN1) and insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1), and on the other hand, promoted liver X receptor α (LXRα) nuclear transportation and subsequent cholesterol efflux. Meanwhile, the anti-lipotoxic effect of RRP can be partly reversed by an LXRα inhibitor but largely blocked by the application of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. ConclusionOur study elucidated that RRP served as a potential AMPK activator to alleviate HIRI by blocking SREBP2 activation and cholesterol synthesis, while also activating LXRα to facilitate cholesterol efflux. These findings shed new light on the potential therapeutic use of RRP for improving HIRI.