Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma is a rare neoplasia, whose therapeutic management is generally of ophthalmological relevance, through radical surgical resection. The high incidence of local relapses after surgery, has made it necessary to combine various types of adjuvant treatments, which in some cases take on the role of radical treatments. Among these non-surgical treatments, those involving the application of ionizing radiation are becoming particularly important. In this review, we discuss the role of episcleral brachytherapy, external photon-beam radiotherapy, also made through stereotactic or radiosurgical modality, and of proton-beam radiotherapy. We try also to take stock of the benefits of the different irradiation modalities and the application difficulties of each.
Highlights
Introduction and General OverviewConjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare ocular disease, accounting for about 2% of all ocular malignancies
These include a variable combination of different adjuvant treatments: absolute alcohol application, Mitomycin C (MMC) or Interferon-alpha-2B
The standard treatment of primary conjunctival melanoma (CM) is local excision followed by adjuvant local therapy or only brachytherapy
Summary
Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare ocular disease, accounting for about 2% of all ocular malignancies. Its incidence has been increasing in recent years, with 0.3–0.8 cases per million people in Western countries, mainly in Caucasian ethnicity, but can occur in African or in Afro-Americans as well. It most commonly appears in middle-aged or elderly white individuals. PAM appears as a thickening from a pre‐existing conjunctival nevus or de novo. Sun sun exposure is a high risk factor and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CM. Pathologic staging is based on thickness and depthand of invasion, it is classified. Vertical thickness depth of and, invasion, and, it as is follows: classified as follows:.
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