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Abstract
Radiation therapy produces Cherenkov optical emission in tissue, and this light can be utilized to activate molecular probes. The feasibility of sensing luminescence from a tissue molecular oxygen sensor from within a human body phantom was examined using the geometry of the axillary lymph node region. Detection of regions down to 30-mm deep was feasible with submillimeter spatial resolution with the total quantity of the phosphorescent sensor PtG4 near 1 nanomole. Radiation sheet scanning in an epi-illumination geometry provided optimal coverage, and maximum intensity projection images provided illustration of the concept. This work provides the preliminary information needed to attempt this type of imaging in vivo.
Highlights
All optical imaging techniques suffer from diminished spatial resolution with increasing depth into tissue because of the severe light scattering present.[1]
At the same time, imaging oxygen is relevant in radiotherapy since it is a radiosensitivity factor that correlates with outcome.[11]
The relationship between imaging depth and concentration of PtG4 for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 1⁄4 1 is described by the circled plots in Fig. 2(b), indicating that for depths 1 increased dramatically
Summary
All optical imaging techniques suffer from diminished spatial resolution with increasing depth into tissue because of the severe light scattering present.[1] Yet, in recent studies it has been shown that Cherenkov-based excitation of molecular probes is a feasible way to image deep into tissues, over several centimeters, with submillimeter resolution.[2] One important application of this is luminescence-based sensing of oxygen over macroscopic depths into tissue. The available depth of sampling is appropriate for imaging oxygenation in lymph nodes. The feasibility of imaging oxygen in lymph node-sized objects in a human body phantom was assessed to estimate applicability of this luminescence lifetime sensing technology in human imaging. At the same time, imaging oxygen is relevant in radiotherapy since it is a radiosensitivity factor that correlates with outcome.[11]
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