Radiotherapy for Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

While the role of systemic therapy in the treatment of myeloid sarcoma is well documented, the evidence for the use of radiation therapy is sparse. We present a case of isolated myeloid sarcoma to the breast. Following treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome. Myeloid Sarcomas (MS) are also known as chloromas and granulocytic sarcomas. They are extramedullary tumours of immature myeloid cells that develop in the setting of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML), Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) and accelerated phase MyeloDysplastic Syndrome (MDS) [1]. Treatment options include systemic therapy, localised radiation treatment or surgery. Retrospective series have identified that radiotherapy provides safe and reliable local control and symptom palliation [2]. We conducted a review of literature to assess the rationale, role, and dose of radiotherapy for this rare leukemia manifestation in the breast.