Radiotherapy for anal cancer: Experience from 1979–1987

Abstract

Seventy patients with squamous cell carcinoma or cloacogenic carcinoma of the anus treated from 1979–1987 were reviewed. Five groups were analyzed: (a) local excision (LE) with postoperative radiotherapy (n = 9); (b) abdomino-perineal resection (APR) with either pre- or postoperative radiotherapy (n = 22); (c) definitive radiotherapy alone (n = 8); (d) radiotherapy with continuous 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion (chemoradiation) (n = 25); and (e) patients treated for recurrent disease (n = 6). Abdomino-perineal resection and radiotherapy resulted in an actuarial local control (LC) rate of 90% and an overall 5-year survival rate of 77% (median follow-up, 48 months). All patients in Group 1 and 5 8 patients in Group 3 had locally controlled disease and were disease-free. The chemoradiation protocol resulted in a complete clinical response rate of 75% ( 18 24 , one patient died during treatment) assessed 4–6 weeks after treatment. The colostomy-free local control rate with chemoradiation is 67% ( 16 24 ). Local control was 50% for all stages receiving 45–49 Gy and 90% for those patients receiving ?55 Gy but was not correlated with total 5-FU dose. Abdomino-perineal resection was performed to salvage six patients with persistent disease and two with recurrent disease, resulting in an overall local control rate of 92% ( 22 24 ) . The actuarial survival was 96% (median follow-up, 14 months; range, 1–30). The acute complications of radiotherapy included diarrhea and perineal skin reactions that were increased by 5-FU infusion. However, diarrhea can be ameliorated by a modified treatment technique that reduces irradiation to the small intestine. For the entire patient group, minor late complications occurred in 23%, and major complications occurred in 9%.