Radioprotective and Radiomitigative Effects of Melatonin in Tissues with Different Proliferative Activity.

Serazhutdin A Abdullaev,Azhub I Gaziev,Sergey I Glukhov

doi:10.3390/antiox10121885

Serazhutdin A Abdullaev, Azhub I Gaziev + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121885

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Abstract

We used various markers to analyze damage to mouse tissues (spleen and cerebral cortex) which have different proliferative activity and sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). We also assessed the degree of modulation of damages that occurs when melatonin is administered to mice prior to and after their X-ray irradiation. The data from this study showed that lesions in nuclear DNA (nDNA) were repaired more actively in the spleen than in the cerebral cortex of mice irradiated and treated with melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). Mitochondrial biogenesis involving mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis was activated in both tissues of irradiated mice. A significant proportion of the newly synthesized mtDNA molecules were mutant copies that increase oxidative stress. Melatonin reduced the number of mutant mtDNA copies and the level of H2O2 in both tissues of the irradiated mice. Melatonin promoted the restoration of ATP levels in the tissues of irradiated mice. In the mouse tissues after exposure to X-ray, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased and melatonin was able to reduce it. The MDA concentration was higher in the cerebral cortex tissue than that in the spleen tissue of the mouse. In mouse tissues following irradiation, the glutathione (GSH) level was low. The spleen GSH content was more than twice as low as that in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin helped restore the GSH levels in the mouse tissues. Although the spleen and cerebral cortex tissues of mice differ in the baseline values of the analyzed markers, the radioprotective and radiomitigative potential of melatonin was observed in both tissues.

Highlights

IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
It is of interest to elucidate changes in the most important markers of radiation damage in tissues with different radiosensitivity and proliferative activity in animals when they are administered with melatonin
The results showed that, the tissues of the spleen and cerebral cortex of mice differ in the initial control values of the analyzed markers, the potential of radiation protection of MEL is successfully implemented in both tissues

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Ionizing radiation is often used in the treatment of various tumor diseases. Healthy tissues may be damaged by radiation, including the induction of short-term and long-term effects and the appearance of secondary tumors [1]. Medical staff who use IR sources for diagnosis and therapy and professionals involved in the production of nuclear technologies can be exposed to radiation. A significant number of people can be exposed to IR during radiological or nuclear technology incidents or accidents. The impact of cosmic irradiation on astronauts is a critical factor for space flights outside the Earth’s orbit [2]

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