Abstract
The radionuclide fractionation appearing in individual hot particles (highly radioactive fallout particles) from the fifth Chinese nuclear explosion of December 28, 1966, which is believed to have been a land surface burst of several hundred kiloton yield, has been investigated by γ-ray spectrometry. The activities of the ten radionuclides Zr95, Zr97, Mo99, Ru103, I131, Te132, Xe133, Ba140, Ce141, and Np239 were determined, and the initial atom numbers of these nuclides contained in each sample were estimated. The fractionation factors defined with respect to Zr95 were calculated in order to express the degree of fractionation. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the fission-product decay chains and are compared with the results formerly obtained on hot particles from air bursts. It was found that there was considerable difference in radiochemical nature between these hot particles from a surface burst and the hot particles from air bursts. Some assumptions about the mechanism of fractionation in fallout particles are presented, although it now seems difficult to understand the mechanism satisfactorily.
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