Abstract
Simple SummaryBreast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, possessing high incidence and mortality rates that threaten women’s health. Thus, early and effective breast cancer diagnosis is crucial for enhancing the survival rate. Radionuclide molecular imaging displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes with radionuclide-labeled small metabolic compounds helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while radionuclide-labeled ligands/antibodies for receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer. This review focuses on the most recent developments of novel radiotracers as promising tools for early breast cancer diagnosis.Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that can affect women worldwide and endanger their health and wellbeing. Early detection of breast cancer can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients, but with traditional anatomical imagine methods, it is difficult to detect lesions before morphological changes occur. Radionuclide-based molecular imaging based on positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Radionuclide labeling of small metabolic compounds can be used for imaging biological processes, while radionuclide labeling of ligands/antibodies can be used for imaging receptors. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer, contributing to early diagnosis and better management of cancer patients. The rapid development of radionuclide probes aids the diagnosis of breast cancer in various aspects. These probes target metabolism, amino acid transporters, cell proliferation, hypoxia, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and so on. This article provides an overview of the development of radionuclide molecular imaging techniques present in preclinical or clinical studies, which are used as tools for early breast cancer diagnosis.
Highlights
Introduction distributed under the terms andBreast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, possessing high incidence and mortality rates that threaten women’s health [1]
The results suggested that routine clinical use of 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET), PET/computed tomography (CT), or PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging leads to significant modification of the initial staging in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients
The results showed a correlation between 18 F-FDG uptake at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment, meaning patients who are effective in the second week after targeted therapy are usually effective in the sixth week after treatment
Summary
Did not set other controls such as the RAD-bombesin heterodimer and RGD-scramble bombesin heterodimer [22]. The combination of a pre-targeting strategy and in vivo click chemistry successfully realized 4T1 tumor PET imaging by short half-life nuclide-labeled biomimetic nanoparticles
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